Calories in 10 Oz 85 15 Beef
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek backside that drapery and larn more nigh the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved movie a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
As a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of 50. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 film accommodation. Hamilton called her agent to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a unmarried mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work fourth dimension. Three days earlier filming began, the studio agreed to a 5-week bargain. In the end, Hamilton was on set for iii months, but many of her scenes were cut for being also scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Look Was More Picture show Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the fourth dimension, the xvi-year-erstwhile Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more similar a preadolescent child.
Manager Richard Thorpe suggested Garland habiliment a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (every bit any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. Afterwards MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Movie Magic
The Sorcerer of Oz employs a lot of great flick tricks, and some of the nigh unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Dice — W W W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Really Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch'due south last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to run into the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snowfall. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the issue of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more than blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It's really 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the wellness risks associated with the cloth were known at the fourth dimension, it was still Hollywood'southward preferred choice for faux snowfall. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow'due south Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Can Human being'due south) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Human being's aluminum makeup acquired a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was better than Ebsen's, he still had some bug. The Scarecrow'due south makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, consummate with a woven design that mimicked the look of burlap. After the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set up
In a burst of flames and red fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first accept, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor likewise early on.
For the second accept, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and face. To brand matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flight monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source material — take certainly been a source of terror for generations. Well-nigh as scary equally the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — cheers to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aeriform stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few anxiety to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting downward on human marionettes), filmmakers fabricated miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the heaven.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Nigh on the Cutting Room Flooring
To no 1's surprise, the American Film Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise y'all? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland'south career was nearly cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM idea the song made the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the vocal'due south meaning. Luckily, this unfounded business organisation melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have information technology piece of cake either. From the lingering concerns near the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and easily to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and artillery, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and then stiff that he had to lean against a board to rest properly. Many years later, role player Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same consequence with his rigid costume. Information technology seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't assist folks escape all their issues.
The Original Tin can Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, merely traded parts with Ray Bolger. All the same, Ebsen's new character, the Tin can Man, acquired him a earth of issues. Namely, the character'south silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum grit that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the part with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), simply didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the terminal film, his vocals can exist heard in "We're Off to Encounter the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is total of practical special effects that really hold upwardly. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking fabricated of muslin. The special effects team spun information technology around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature firm that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make information technology wait similar the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up And so Either
Pay inequality has ever been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, vocalization of the titular character in Walt Disney'southward Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The film went on to make roughly $eight million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'due south pay was ameliorate than Caselotti'due south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — only it withal didn't reflect the moving-picture show's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought information technology might cast its mascot — the bodily lion used in the studio's title card — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safe of the actors and the brute, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing fauna, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit fabricated from real panthera leo skin. However, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his graphic symbol's nerves. Each nighttime, two stagehands dried the costume for the adjacent day.
The Initial Box Part Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 merely didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upwards an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That'due south nearly $50 million adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the motion-picture show only earned $3 million at the box office — about $51.viii 1000000 by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, recall that Disney made $viii million with Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz'southward pocket-size success in the U.S. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the film'southward returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was simply sixteen years old when she was bandage every bit Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were oft given to young actors to assistance them sleep after studios shot them upwards with adrenaline so they could piece of work long hours.
The spotlight — and her dissentious contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a author for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and caput Louis B. Mayer], who considered her niggling more their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Sorcerer of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Not only did the motion-picture show revolutionize the animation industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snowfall White — then the nigh successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited office in Oz. During the Tin Man's "If I Merely Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy'due south iconic footwear was originally argent, only screenwriter Noel Langley felt the carmine color would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM'southward master costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in nigh 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Establishment'southward National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpeting there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy'southward quest leads her from a Kansas subcontract to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Nevertheless, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Equally was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted past studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far abroad places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the moving-picture show is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is ane of the nigh beloved dogs in movie history. Terry was famously non a huge fan of special effects and can ofttimes be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin can Human being spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch'southward guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for 2 weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to detect one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was and then fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the domestic dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more than but your run-of-the-manufactory evil villain. More than 35 years after the pic debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'due south costume to show kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her virtually the character.
Co-ordinate to Hamilton, the so-chosen Wicked Witch relished everything she did, just she was also a sad, alone figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch's character.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thank you to a Nutrient Product
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed equally Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Human being and the Cowardly Panthera leo when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "equus caballus of a different color" was made possible thanks to a surprising nutrient item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick upwards the sugariness treat. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-fatigued carriage was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch'southward flying monkeys, then many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy film. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since nearly of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to go far before 5:00 in the morn — six days a week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Ofttimes Misquoted) Lines Fill the Film
The motion picture is chock-total of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the peachy fortune of being responsible for some of the nigh quoted lines in movie history every bit well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping 3 of the film's lines on the listing.
"Pay no attending to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "There's no identify similar home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I accept a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch'due south Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Similar the "horse of a dissimilar color" sequence, some other iconic, special furnishings-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly afterwards Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the young girl's feet. However, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple tree juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-upward clip to go far look more than flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In gild to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which often heated the fix to a toasty 100 degrees.
Subsequently the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look all-time on film, especially in colorized form. For instance, the white office of Dorothy'south dress is actually pinkish — just because it filmed amend. And the oil the Tin can Human is and then excited about? It's really chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the E Makes More I Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West'south beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sis, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived owner of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she besides plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her chamber window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby-red slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer fifty-fifty more than noticeable.
The Film'due south Running Time Was Cut Down Several Times
The get-go cutting of the moving-picture show clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nothing by today's Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off xx minutes.
Later on cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the motion picture was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2d preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy'southward "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Urban center reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West performance also frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not everyone idea her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'southward nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film's starring foes were really friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a printing tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," every bit opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire moving picture was shot in colour. Was this done deliberately, or was it a small syntactical fake pas?
It's widely believed this was a scrap of a stunt done to raise the surprise of the motion-picture show turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters fabricated at the fourth dimension of the film's debut fabricated no mention of sepia tint (or "blackness-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History's About-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, another film released the aforementioned twelvemonth, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You lot may accept heard of that piffling movie — it'south chosen Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying ability than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The moving-picture show was first broadcast on television receiver on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Wizard of Oz is one of the 10 near-watched feature-length movies in motion picture history, largely due to the number of almanac idiot box screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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